Stage 1: Asymptomatic
At this stage, you have not begun to experience the symptoms of arterial occlusion, but evidence of atherosclerosis may have been found, either incidentally or as part of a cardiovascular checkup. Catching it early provides the greatest opportunity to slow or stop the progression of PAD with healthy lifestyle changes, such as an improved diet, exercise and stopping smoking.
Stage 2: Claudication
Claudication is the second stage of PAD, where the arteries have narrowed significantly. Most patients begin to feel pain or discomfort in the legs, especially when active. Many people explore treatment options at this point, but healthy lifestyle changes can still have a big impact.
Stage 3: Critical Limb Ischemia
The arteries in the legs are severely blocked at stage three, causing pain that worsens and persists even at rest. Because blood flow cannot effectively reach the lower extremities, sores, ulcers and other slow-healing wounds may appear. This is considered a chronic condition that requires maintenance and treatment to avoid more serious complications.
Stage 4: Acute Limb Ischemia
Stage four occurs when a lot suddenly cuts off blood flow in the leg, causing severe pain, tingling, coolness and tissue damage. Acute limb ischemia is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment to restore blood flow. Without treatment, irreparable nerve and muscular damage may occur, with the possible need for amputation of the affected limb. Fortunately, fewer than 2% of patients with PAD experience acute limb ischemia.